1. In current competitive business environment is necessary to strive to prevent defects and failures rather than repairs.

2. Nonconformance characteristics can be classified into four categories: critical, major, minor, and incidental. The critical classification is reserved to nonconformance posting safety risk or lead to system failure.

3. Investing more in appraisal and prevention activities reduces the costs of internal and external failures.

4. Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) must consider possible common mode failure (CMF)  and use on the design and through the life of the product or services.

5. Focusing on optimizing just one aspect of the product will not lead to overall optimization. Instead, you need to strike a balanced compromise across multiple aspects and establish inspections that align with this balance.

6. Quality management attends to identify and correct as much nonconformity in the least time possible.
In removing defects, the focus is on those that would prevent the system from meeting its most critical requirements.

7. Risk priority number (RPN) = Severity (SEV) x Probability (Pro) x Detectability (Det）

8. Grade is “a category or rank used to distinguish items that have the same functional use (e.g., “hammer”), but do not share the same requirements for quality.

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9. By continuously reducing inventory and other sources of non-value, problems are exposed and solved as part of the continued improvement.

10. Six Sigma strives for less than 3.4 PPM scrap or defects in a process.

11. The process for continuous improvement or DMAIC (Defined, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) involves defining the best measures to improve the process, implementing and tracking those measures, and reducing defects.

12. Quality starts with the agreement of the layout, product requirements, and specifications between you and the customer.

13. When requirements are not clearly defined or mutually agreed upon, important features may be overlooked, leading to customer dissatisfaction.

14. Product or service modifications must be approved by the client and project team. They should be specified in the product specification log and proved to fit their intended purpose.

15. Configuration management identifies the important product specifications, their associated components, and their configuration in the product.

16. Quality planning sets the requirements and standards to be met as well as the actions necessary to meet those requirements and standards.

17. Quality assurance is the process of implementing planned quality activities to ensure the project follows the necessary procedures to meet established quality standards and project requirements.

18. Quality control ensures that quality assurance activities are executed as per approved quality plans and that the project requirements and standards are consistently met.

19. Quality planning involves defining the organization’s quality management procedures and policies to ensure both quality assurance and quality control throughout the project.

20. ISO 9001 prescribes that an organization must determine (a) _____________, (b) _________, (c) _________________ for design and development.