Next.

1. The project quality plan requires that each phase must be approved before continuing to the next phase.

2. Money spent on quality assurance and control should be justified in terms of the reducing risk or no meeting requirements.

3. Quality Cost is commonly classified in prevention, appraisal, and control, internal failure, external failure.

4. Prevention costs include the cost of quality training, planning, design reviews, and other activities aimed at preventing errors.

5. Prevention costs related to the evolution of products and processes, including product reviews, audits, tests, and inspections.

6. Internet failure costs are costs associated with nonconformities discovered by the producer, such the cost of scrap, rework and retest.

7. Appraisal and control costs are costs incurred after delivery to a client and include costs for replacements, warranty repairs, liability, and lost sales as a result of a damaged reputation.

8. Quaity of a product is a measure of how closely it fits its intended purpose.

9. Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) must consider combinations of possible failures modes as well as individual failure modes.

10. Quality control concerns with anything that must be done to ensure that the output of a repetitive process remains at the required, specified quality level and does not deteriorate.

11. Project success is measured in terms of how well a project meet budgetary, schedule, and performance requirements.

12. The Checksheet is created especially for collecting data about a problem from observations.

13. The Flowchart shows the steps in a procedure and their relationships.

14. Run Chart is a graph of observed results plotted versus time to reveal potential trends or anomalies.

15. Control Chart and Scatter Diagram are widely used for tracking and control of repetitive events.

16. Pareto Diagram and Histogram refer to the 80/20 rule (or), originally from Dr. Joseph Juran in the late 1940s posited that the large majority of defects are due to a small minority of the causes. Also known as “the vital few and the useful many” provides economic reasons to separate the vital few causes of defects from the less important but useful many.

17. Cause and Effect Diagram (Fishbone-Ishikawa diagram) is a scheme for arranging the causes for a specified effect in a logical way.

18. Project success is measured in terms of how well a project meet budgetary, schedule, and performance requirements.

19. Qualification happens bottom-up, starting with the testing and qualification of individual components, then of subsystems, and finally of the full, complete system.

20. The objective of modeling is not to create perfect models but to generate data that will result in a high-quality final product.

21. Risk priority number (RPN) = Severity (SEV) x Probability (Pro) x Detectability (Det）

22. Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) must consider possible failures modes as well as individual failure modes.

23. Nonconformance characteristics can be classified into four categories: critical, major, minor, and incidental. The critical classification is reserved to nonconformance posting safety risk or lead to system failure.

24. Spend more on appraisal and prevention activities reduce the cost of Internal and external failures.